Piston type aircraft engines generally use a single-stage centrifugal supercharger driven by a crankshaft. This supercharger is a small centrifugal compressor composed of a casing, impeller, and diffuser. The speed of the centrifugal impeller can reach tens of thousands of revolutions per minute, and there must be a gear transmission mechanism between the crankshaft and the centrifugal impeller. The transmission mechanism is divided into single speed transmission and dual speed transmission according to the transmission ratio. Most engines used for lower flight altitudes adopt single speed transmission.
        The engine used for high-altitude flight adopts dual speed transmission, and works in low-speed gear when working at low altitude to reduce unnecessary power consumption. When the aircraft exceeds a certain altitude, the turbocharger automatically shifts to high-speed gear. This height is called the first rated height. Below the rated height, maintain the intake pressure of the engine constant by adjusting the position of the throttle valve. On engines with fuel supply from the carburetor, the turbocharger is generally installed between the carburetor and the cylinder; On direct injection engines, the turbocharger is installed between the throttle valve and the cylinder. Some high-power engines use the exhaust gas discharged from the cylinder to drive the turbine (called exhaust gas turbine), which in turn drives the turbocharger. This type of turbocharger is called an exhaust gas turbocharger. The air is pre compressed in the exhaust turbocharger and then input into the turbocharger of the engine transmission, which can greatly improve the height characteristics of the engine.

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