The fuel injection pump is an important component of the diesel engine fuel supply system, and its working condition directly affects the power, economy, and reliability of the diesel engine. Therefore, proper maintenance of the fuel injection pump is an important part of ensuring the normal operation of the diesel engine.
1、 Use standard high-pressure oil pipes.
During the fuel supply process of the generator fuel injection pump, due to the compressibility of diesel and the elasticity of the high-pressure fuel pipe, high-pressure diesel will form pressure fluctuations inside the pipe. The transmission of pressure waves inside the pipe requires a certain amount of time. In order to ensure consistent fuel supply intervals, uniform fuel supply, and smooth operation of the diesel engine, the length and diameter of the high-pressure fuel pipe are selected through calculation. Therefore, when the high-pressure oil pipe of a certain cylinder is damaged, it should be replaced with a standard length and diameter oil pipe. In practical use, due to the lack of standard oil pipes, other oil pipes are used instead, without considering whether the length and diameter of the oil pipes are the same, resulting in a large difference in oil pipe length and diameter. Although it can be used urgently, it will cause changes in the oil supply advance angle and oil supply amount of the cylinder, resulting in unstable operation of the whole machine. Therefore, standard high-pressure oil pipes must be used in use.
II Ensure the cleanliness of diesel fuel
Generally speaking, due to the characteristics of the fuel supply system of diesel engines and the formation of combustible mixtures, the filtration requirements for diesel in diesel engines are much higher than those for gasoline engines. Therefore, it is necessary to choose diesel that meets the required grade and has been precipitated for at least 48 hours.
III Ensure the quality of engine oil
Before starting the diesel engine, the quantity and quality of the oil in the fuel injection pump should be checked (except for fuel injection pumps that rely on engine forced lubrication) to ensure that the oil quantity is sufficient and the quality is good. If the engine oil deteriorates due to the mixing of water or diesel, it may cause early wear of the plunger pair and oil outlet valve components, resulting in insufficient power and difficulty in starting the diesel engine; Severe cases can cause corrosion of the plunger pair and oil outlet valve components. Due to internal leakage of the oil pump, poor operation of the oil outlet valve, wear and tear on the plunger and housing of the fuel transfer pump, and damage to the sealing ring, diesel can leak into the oil pool and dilute the engine oil. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the engine oil in a timely manner according to its quality. When replacing, the oil tank should be thoroughly cleaned to remove impurities such as sludge at the bottom of the tank. The amount of engine oil should be moderate. Adding too much oil to the governor can easily cause the diesel engine to "run fast", while adding too little oil will result in poor lubrication. The oil dipstick or oil level screw should be used as the reference.
4 Regularly check the fuel supply advance angle and fuel supply interval angle
Due to the loosening of coupling bolts and wear of camshaft and roller components during use, the fuel supply advance angle and fuel supply interval angle of each cylinder often change, resulting in deterioration of diesel combustion, deterioration of power and economy of the diesel engine, difficulty in starting, unstable operation, abnormal noise and overheating.
Five Regularly check the fuel supply of each cylinder
Due to the wear and tear of the plunger and outlet valve components, diesel leakage occurs, which can reduce or uneven the fuel supply of each cylinder, leading to difficulties in starting the diesel engine, insufficient power, increased fuel consumption, and unstable operation. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check and adjust the fuel supply of each cylinder of the fuel injection pump to ensure the optimal power output of the diesel engine.
VI Regularly check the sealing condition of the oil outlet valve
After the fuel injection pump has been working for a period of time, checking the sealing condition of the oil outlet valve can make a rough judgment on the wear of the plunger and the working condition of the oil pump, which is beneficial for determining repair and maintenance methods. During inspection, unscrew the high-pressure oil pipe joints of each cylinder and use the hand pump of the oil delivery pump to pump oil.
7、 Regularly check the wear of relevant keyways and fixing bolts.
The relevant keyways and bolts mainly refer to camshaft keyways, coupling flange keyways (oil pumps that transmit power through couplings), semi-circular keys, and coupling fixing bolts. Due to long-term use, the camshaft keyway, flange keyway, and half circle key of the fuel injection pump may wear out, causing the keyway to widen and the half circle key to be installed improperly, resulting in changes in the fuel supply advance angle; Heavy key rolling can cause power transmission failure, so regular inspections should be carried out to promptly repair or replace worn components.
